This list is far from complete but here are some of the combinations with effects and damages that I have found so far.
Subelements:
QF = Steam
QR = Ice
Beams:
Damage states is per "tick" of the ray. AOE damage (shift+mouse2) is 4x the rays "per tick" damage.
S = Arcane beam 100 damage.
SR = Cold beam 100 damage, chills.
SF = Fire beam 100 damage, sets of fire.
SQ = Water beam 100 damage, wets.
SA = Lighting beam 200 damage.
SAR = Cold/Lighting beam 235 damage, chills.
SAF = Fire/Lighting beam 284 damage, sets of fire.
SAQF = Steam/Lighting beam 650 damage! wets.
Walls:
Can be cast in a semicircle by mouse2 or in a complete circle with shift+mouse2
ED = Wall of Stone - Blocks enemies.
EDQ = Wet wall of Stone - Wets/blocks enemies.
EDF = Burning wall of Stone Burns/blocks enemies.
EDW = Green wall of Stone - Can't find any special effect.
EDS = Red wall of Stone - Can't find any special effect.
EDR = Cold wall of Stone - Chills enemies.
EDQF = Steam wall of Stone - Seems to have same effect as the Wet wall of Stone.
EDQR = Icy wall of Stone - Seems to have same effect as Cold wall of Stone.
Ice sprays:
Shoots 3 projectiles per ice element in a shotgun effect. If loaded, fires more powerful projectiles in a thinner cone with longer range. Damage stated is per projectile. Area of effect attacks (shift+mouse2) do slightly more damage than one projectile.
QR = Ice projectiles 168 damage
QRS Ice/Arcane projectiles 405 damage
QRA = Ice/Lighting projectiles 430 damage
QRAS = Ice/Lighting/Arcane projectile 655 damage!
Projectiles/Bombs:
Sends a projectile that does AoE damage when it lands. Area of effect (shift+mouse2) deals less damage than the projectiles. Projectiles deal a lot more damage if loaded.
DQ = Waterball 80 damage for direct hit, no splash damage, wets.
DF = Fireball 100 damage, sets on fire.
DR = Coldball 100 damage, chills.
DQR = Iceball 200 damage.
DQF = Steamball 350 damage, wets.
DS = Arcaneball 500 damage.
DSF = Arcane Fireball 500 damage, sets on fire.
DSQ = Arcane Waterball 500 damage, wets.
DSR = Arcane Coldball 500 damage, chills.
DSQF = Arcane Steamball 850 damage! wets.